Ma Hongbin

Ma Hongbin
Traditional Chinese	馬鴻賓
Simplified Chinese	马鸿宾
Transcriptions Mandarin - Hanyu Pinyin Mǎ Hóngbīn - Wade–Giles Ma Hung-pin - Xiao'erjing ﻣَﺎ ﺡْﻮ بٍ

Ma Hongbin 马鸿宾
General Ma Hongbin
Governor of Gansu[1]
In office November 1930 – December 1931
Preceded by	Liu Yü-fen
Succeeded by	Shao Li-tzu
Governor of Ningxia
In office 1948–1949
Preceded by	Ma Hongkui
Personal details
Born	1884 Linxia County, Gansu
Died	1960 Lanzhou, Gansu
Nationality	Dongxiang
Political party	Kuomintang
Children	Ma Dunjing (1906–1972)
Religion	Sufi Khufiyya Islam
Military service
Nickname(s)	"Ma the Kind Man"
Allegiance	Republic of China  People's Republic of China
Years of service	1910-1960
Rank	general
Unit	Ma clique
Battles/wars	Second Zhili–Fengtian War, Central Plains War, Long March, Second Sino-Japanese War, Chinese Civil War
Awards	Order of Leopold (Belgium)[2]

Ma Hongbin (September 14, 1884 – October 21, 1960), was a prominent muslim Ma clique warlord in China during the Republic of China era. He was the acting Chairman of Gansu and Ningxia Provinces for a short period.^[3]

Contents 1 Life 2 Family 3 Career 4 See also 5 References 6 External links

Life

Ma was born in Hanchiachi village, in Linxia, Gansu, China. He was the son of Ma Fulu who died in 1900 when fighting against the foreigners in the Boxer Rebellion.^[4][5] As a nephew of Ma Fuxiang, he followed him and later Feng Yuxiang into the army. He and Ma Fuxiang protected a Catholic mission in Sandaohe from attacks by the Gelaohui, and he received the Order of Leopold (Belgium)^[6] Upon his cooperation with Chiang Kai-shek, he was named commander of the 22nd Division, 24th Army, within the National Revolutionary Army. He was governor of Ningxia from 1921 to 1928 and chairman of the government of Ningxia in 1930. However, Ma Hongbin developed and consequently lost a power struggle with his cousin Ma Hongkui, a fact that was exploited by Chiang Kai-shek to his own advantage by preventing Ma Hongbin from total defeat. In 1930, Chiang named Ma Hongbin as the Chairman of the Provincial Council of Gansu, a post he held until 1931. However, Ma Hongbin only had very limited control, as the actual control of Gansu was mostly in his cousin Ma Zhongying's hands. Even after Ma Zhongying's departure to former-USSR in July , 1934, most local troops remaining and population was still loyal to Ma Zhongying. During Ma Hongbin's rise to power, together with his brother Ma Hongkui and cousins Ma Bufang and Ma Buqing, they were instrumental in help another cousin of theirs, Ma Zhongying, to prevail in Gansu, because they did not want Ma Zhongying to compete with them in their own turfs, so they encouraged and supported Ma Zhongying to develop his own power base in other regions such as Gansu and Xinjiang.

The Japanese planned to invade Ningxia from Suiyuan in 1939 and create a Hui Muslim puppet state. The next year in 1940, the Japanese were defeated militarily by Ma Hongbin, who caused the plan to collapse. Ma Hongbin's Hui Muslim troops launched further attacks against Japan in the Battle of West Suiyuan.^[7][8]

He became the commander of the 81st Corps during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II. In 1940 at the Battle of Wuyuan, Ma Hongbin led the 81st Corps against the Japanese. The Japanese were defeated by the Chinese Muslim forces and Wuyuan was retaken. Throughout the war, Ma Hongbin continued military operations against the Japanese and their Mongolian allies.

Ma Hongbin's army was clan centered and feudal. In his 81st corps, his chief of staff was his brother in law, Ma Chiang-liang.^[9]

The American Asiatic Association reported that he commanded the eighty fourth Army corps.^[10]

After the war, he became a senior adviser within the Northwestern Army Headquarters. When his cousin Ma Hongkui resigned from his positions and fled to Taiwan, those positions where transferred to Ma Hongbin. In 1949 during the Chinese Civil War, when the People's Liberation Army was approaching the northwest, Ma Hongbin and his son Ma Dunjing led his 81st Corps to cross over to the communist.^[11] He was named vice-chairman (later restyled vice-governor) of Gansu province. He was also vice-director of the Commission of Ethnic Affairs as well as a member of the National Defense Commission of the People's Republic of China. He died in Lanzhou in 1960.

Family

Ma Hongbin's father was Ma Fulu, and his cousin was Ma Hongkui.^[12][13] His uncles were Ma Fuxiang, Ma Fushou, and Ma Fucai. His grandfather was Ma Qianling.

Ma Hongkui's son was General Ma Dunjing (1906–1972), two of his nephews were Generals Ma Tung-hou and Ma Dunjing (1910–2003).

Career

• 1921 - 1928 Governor of Ningxia Province
• 1928 - ? Commander of the 22nd Division
• 1930 Chairman of the Government of Ningxia Province
• 1930 - 1931 Chairman of the Provincial Council of Gansu
• 1938 - 1945 General Officer Commanding 81st Corps
• 1940 - 1941 Commander in Chief 17th Army Group
• Deputy Commander- in-chief of the XVnth Group Army

See also

• Ma clique

References

External links

• Rulers
• 民国军阀派系谈 (The Republic of China warlord cliques discussed ) http://www.2499cn.com/junfamulu.htm

Warlord era in early Republic of China (1916–1930) Main events (1916–1920) Main events (1920–1930) Northern Factions Southern Factions Empire of China (1915–1916) National Protection War (1915–1916) Death of Yuan Shikai (1916) Manchu Restoration (1917) Constitutional Protection Movement (1917–1922) Siberian Intervention (1918–1920) Paris Peace Conference (1919) May Fourth Movement (1919) Occupation of Mongolia (1919–1921) Zhili–Anhui War (1920) Guangdong–Guangxi War (1920–1921) First Zhili–Fengtian War (1922) Second Zhili–Fengtian War (1924) Beijing coup (1924) Yunnan–Guangxi War (1925) May 30 Movement (1925) Anti–Fengtian War (1925–1926) Northern Expedition (1926–1928) Huánggūtun Incident (1928) Flag Replacement of the Northeast (1928) Central Plains War (1930) Beiyang Army: Yuan Shikai Anhui clique Zhili clique Regional: Fengtian clique Shanxi clique Guominjun Ma clique Xinjiang clique Yunnan clique Old Guangxi clique New Guangxi clique Guangdong clique Kuomintang (KMT) Communist Party of China (CPC) Sichuan clique

Persondata
Name	Ma, Hongbin
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	September 14, 1884
Place of birth	Linxia County, Gansu
Date of death	October 21, 1960
Place of death	Lanzhou, Gansu